In the 19th century, as depicted in the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and detectives were portrayed with distinct characteristics and roles. The police, often represented by characters like Inspector Lestrade, were typically shown as diligent but somewhat limited in their investigative methods. They relied heavily on traditional techniques and were sometimes depicted as being out of their depth when faced with complex cases. Sherlock Holmes, on the other hand, was a private detective who used a combination of keen observation, logical reasoning, and scientific methods to solve crimes. Holmes's approach was innovative for the time, emphasizing forensic science, disguise, and a deep understanding of human behavior. His methods often highlighted the shortcomings of the official police force, showcasing the need for more advanced investigative techniques. The dynamic between Holmes and the police was one of mutual respect but also occasional frustration, as Holmes's superior skills often overshadowed the efforts of the official detectives. This relationship underscored the evolving nature of detective work during the period and the growing importance of specialized knowledge and analytical thinking in solving crimes.